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1 December 2002 Monophyly and Phylogenetic Relationships of the Neotropical Annual Fish Genera Austrolebias and Megalebias (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae)
Wilson J. E M. Costa
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Abstract

Phylogenetic relationships among taxa of the annual fish subtribe Cynolebiatina are examined, based on 57 morphological characters in 29 terminal taxa, including two basal species of the well-supported monophyletic genus Cynolebias Steindachner, 19 valid species of Austrolebias Costa, and all five valid species of Megalebias Costa. A clade comprising Austrolebias and Megalebias is strongly supported (bootstrap value 96%) and defined by five nonhomoplastic synapomorphies: deep urohyal, long cleithrum, dorsal and anal fins of male short and rounded, frontal squamation F-patterned, and a transverse supraorbital bar. Monophyly of Megalebias is supported (bootstrap value 98%) by 12 synapomorphies, four unambiguous: reduced basihyal, anteriorly expanded anterolateral tip of lateral process of sphenotic, curved lacrimal, and posteroventrally directed suborbital stripe. Monophyly of Austrolebias (bootstrap value 96%) is corroborated by a reduced basihyal ossification, a laterally expanded basihyal cartilage, an anteriorly positioned dorsal fin of male, and a spotted color pattern in female. Evidence supporting intergeneric and intrageneric relationships is discussed.

Relações filogenéticas entre taxa da subtribo de peixes anuais Cynolebiatina são examinadas, com base em 57 caracteres morfológicos em 29 taxa terminais, incluindo duas espécies basais do bem corroborado gênero monofilético Cynolebias, 19 espécies válidas de Austrolebias Costa, e todas as cinco espécies válidas de Megalebias Costa. Um clado compreendendo Austrolebias e Megalebias é fortemente sustentado (valor de bootstrap 96%), e definido por cinco sinapomorfias não homoplásticas: uro-hial alto, cleitro longo, nadadeiras dorsal e anal de macho curtas e arredondadas, escamação frontal em padrão F, e uma barra supraorbital transversal. Monofiletismo de Megalebias é sustentado (valor de bootstrap 98%) por 12 sinapomorfias, quatro não ambíguas: basi-hial reduzido, ponta antero-lateral de esfenótico expandida anteriormente, lacrimal encurvado, e faixa suborbital direcionada postero-ventralmente. Monofiletismo de Austrolebias (valor de bootstrap 96%) é corroborado pela reduzida ossificação do basi-hial, expansão lateral de cartilagem basi-hial, nadadeira dorsal de macho posicionada anteriormente, e padrão de colorido maculado em fêmea. Evidências sustentando relações inter e intra-genéricas são discutidas.

The American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists
Wilson J. E M. Costa "Monophyly and Phylogenetic Relationships of the Neotropical Annual Fish Genera Austrolebias and Megalebias (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae)," Copeia 2002(4), 916-927, (1 December 2002). https://doi.org/10.1643/0045-8511(2002)002[0916:MAPROT]2.0.CO;2
Accepted: 22 February 2002; Published: 1 December 2002
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